Get your car ready for a New England winter: a federal safety checklist

Snow season is coming to Greater Boston, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says the time to prepare a vehicle is before the roads turn slick.

Under the hood and on the wheels

Cold air drops tire pressure, so NHTSA advises inflating to the automaker's figure on the driver's door-frame label or in the owner's manual, not the maximum printed on the tire. Check pressure monthly with cold tires. Tread should measure at least 2/32 of an inch, and some manufacturers suggest replacing tires after six years regardless of wear.

• Have a mechanic test the battery, charging system and belts; cold saps starting power.
• Confirm coolant levels and look for leaks or worn hoses.
• Fill the washer reservoir with winter fluid that contains de-icer, and replace worn wiper blades.
• Check every exterior light, including flashers.
• Secure floor mats with their clips so they cannot jam the pedals.

Electric and hybrid drivers should expect reduced range in the cold. NHTSA suggests plugging in overnight to keep the battery in its best temperature range.

Pack an emergency kit

• Shovel, snow brush and ice scraper
• Sand or cat litter for traction
• Jumper cables, flashlight, flares or warning markers
• First-aid kit, blankets, phone charger, water, food and needed medicine

If you get stuck

Stay with the vehicle and avoid overexertion. Make sure the tailpipe is clear of snow, and run the engine only long enough to stay warm, because exhaust can build up carbon monoxide inside. Keep the dome light on so rescuers can spot you.

Parents should skip bulky coats under car-seat harnesses; buckle children in thin layers and put a blanket on top.